chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

COPD

• COPD, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, is a progressive disease that makes it hard to breathe. "Progressive" means the disease gets worse over time.
• COPD can cause coughing that produces large amounts of mucus (a slimy substance), wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and other symptoms.

The illustration shows the respiratory system and images of healthy alveoli and alveoli damaged by COPD.

• Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of COPD. Most people who have COPD smoke or used to smoke. Long-term exposure to other lung irritants, such as air pollution, chemical fumes, or dust, also may contribute to COPD.
• In the United States, the term "COPD" includes two main conditions—emphysema and chronic obstructive bronchitis. Most people who have COPD have both conditions. Thus, the general term "COPD " is more accurate.
• COPD is a major cause of disability, and it's the fourth leading cause of death in the United States.
• COPD develops slowly. Symptoms often worsen over time and can limit your ability to do routine activities. Severe COPD may prevent you from doing even basic activities like walking, cooking, or taking care of yourself.
• Your doctor will diagnose COPD based on your signs and symptoms, your medical and family histories, and test results.
• COPD has no cure yet. However, treatments and lifestyle changes can help you feel better, stay more active, and slow the progress of the disease.
• Quitting smoking is the most important step you can take to treat COPD. Other treatments include medicines, vaccines, pulmonary rehabilitation, oxygen therapy, surgery, and managing complications.
• You can take steps to prevent COPD before it starts. The best way to prevent COPD is to not start smoking or to quit smoking before you develop the disease. Also, try to avoid other lung irritants that can contribute to COPD.
• If you have COPD, you can take steps to manage your symptoms and slow the progress of the disease. Quit smoking and try to avoid other lung irritants. Also, get ongoing care, manage the disease and its symptoms, and prepare for emergencies.

By: Khairul Anuar Amat Johari